Linux 101 : Journalctl - investigating the boot process -
To display log messages for the most recent boot, we could use the below command:
To see the kernel logs only - without including the applications logs -, we could use the below:
To list the different recent boot logs by date and time, we use the following:
To limit the output of the above command to the last 5 entries, we could use the below:
We could then investigate each boot using the boot ID as below:
Remark:
When used without parameters, the above command lists all the systemd journal.
To see the logs related to the apache service for example, we could use for example:
If we want to follow the logs "live" on the terminal, we use the below:
We could also display messages according to their priority.
The priority ranges from :
The "n" levels of priority:
- emergency : 0
- alert : 1
- critical : 2
- error : 3
- warning : 4
- notice : 5
- information : 6
- debug : 7
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