IT hands-on

We can easily convert a  Sting into a tuple by using the constructor function of the class tuple <i><b> Tuples:</b></i> A tuple is a data type in Python that is ordered

Strings  in python  are immutable. Below is an example that illustrates that characteristic of strings: We get the error mentioned above : " TypeError

A  tuple  is a group of references to different items. These references or locations in memory are immutable, but the items these references point to co

The " * " can be used for un-packing  lists ,  tuples , or  sets  as we see in the following examples. For  tuples : For  lists : And for  sets :

We have for example the below  list : When we try to sort it, we get the above error, since the list is a mix of  integers  and  strings . We could remedy tha

To handle errors we use the " try/except/else/finally " clauses. Below is a simple illustrating their use: The code will continue running inste

Below is an example of a  decorator function  that uses the arguments of the original function - <i> non-decorated function</i>  -. <i> Remark:</i> The numbers describes t

Sometimes we don't want the local variables in nested functions to be interpreted as local variable by  python . Below is a simple example using the

Decorators  are a way to add functionalities to a function without altering the original one. In the below example, we make the  original()  function prin

Dataclass  is a class  decorator  that makes it easy for us to create classes that are "data" oriented. for example: Is equivalent to: The  @datac

We have the below data structures: We try to add an elements to one list as below: Appending " 10 " to  list1  does not add " 10 " to  list

In the below example, we make a  shallow copy  " l2 " of a list " l1 " using regular " = " assignment, we also make a  deep copy

We could use  decorators  with parameters for example to control the flow of the execution of a  decorator  as we can see below: As we can see above, we co

When we override a function in a subclass. The  super()  function helps us call the "original" method in the parent class as we can see in the

To avoid confusing  positional  "regular" argument, we could name our parameters and specify them by name using  keyword arguments . When calling

An  interface  does nothing. It only provides a blueprint comprised of methods that classes - <i> using that blueprint</i>  - must follow.  To create an  interface

There are no real private variable in  python , but we can keep some variable from being visible from outside the "private" scope. In our below

In  python ,  iterables  are objects that we can loop through. These objects implement an " __iter__() " function that returns an  iterato r . The  iter

A  keyword argument  has the following format " name=value ". We can pass a  keyword argument  to a function as follows: We could also call the fun

Context managers  give you a way to allocate and release resources depending on your need s.  To define  context managers  we make use of the the expressio